Battle of Brihuega: Stanhope beaten by Vendome.
Battle of Villa Viciosa: General Staremberg defeated
by Vendome: Spain secured for Philip V.
Bouchain taken by Marlborough.
Fall of the Whigs.
General Post Office established.
St. Paul's Cathedral finished.
1711 All Whigs dismissed from office, and Tories alone to
form the Ministry, thus establishing the principle
that the members of the Cabinet should all be of
the same political party.
Duchess of Marlborough supplanted by Mrs. Masham.
Death of the Emperor Joseph, and accession of Archduke
Charles: no farther need now to continue
the war.
Tories determined to put an end to the war.
1712 Twelve new Tory peers created to destroy the Whig
majority which was in favour of continuing the war.
Marlborough deprived of his command: Ormonde to
succeed him.
Peace Conference at Utrecht.
Act against Occasional Conformity.
1713 (March 3). Treaty of Utrecht: Spain to Philip:
Minorca and Gibraltar to England: Spanish lands
in Italy and Netherlands to Emperor Charles: Sicily
to Savoy. Prussia made a kingdom.
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